I
A January 15, 1919 , the Peruvian proletariat after a long and bloody struggle (which began on December 23, 1918 strike by workers of the textile factory "El Inca", joining the "Union Textile Vitarte, days after the Federation of Bakers Workers Star of Peru ", triggered a mass mobilization, producing cessation of activities and clashes between strikers and law enforcement) succeeded in conquering the reduction of working hours to eight hours *. Such a feat was not easy, let alone overnight, to his credit, our proletariat, had already a sufficient tradition of heroism and struggle.
Among the most significant are: the 1896, where Vitarte Textile workers staged a strike demanding the reduction of working hours, wage increases and improvements in nutrition. In 1904, Dock dock workers take to the fight asking for overtime pay rise and the claim of the eight hours of work, dying in battle "Aliaga Florencio (a Thursday May 19), considered the first martyr social worker struggles in Peru. In 1905 (May 1), the Workers Federation of Bakers 'Star of Peru "held a ceremony for the International Workers' Day (the heroic deeds of the martyrs of Chicago), she agreed to start the fight common joint to achieve the eight-hour workday, the same year occurs dockworkers strike Mollendo (Arequipa), requesting wage increases and reduced working hours and lasted for more than a month. In 1911, enter Striking textile workers Vitarte, demanding wage increases, reduced working hours and free sale of goods, lasting several weeks. In 1912 peasant strike occurs in the Chicama Valley, in Rome Farms, Casa Grande, Sauzal Chiquitoy Cartavio and demanding higher wages and removal of hooks, resulting in brutal repression and slaughter of peasants by the repressive forces, army -. In 1913, he launched the strike the workers of the factory metal Guadalupe, Vulcano, White and the Eagle, likewise the most important and significant was made by the Callao port workers where they get the first wins the eight-hour day. First to the docks and dock laborers (January 10), then for the operators of the Mill Milne and Co, the operator of the gas plant, floating dock operators, operators of Customs, the printing of Callao and the House Wagner. Representing an important achievement crystallized by the proletarian organized, motivated to continue fighting for better living conditions and the transformation of society and the emancipation of the worker to be the work themselves.
Also in 1915, there is a strike of textile workers in Vitarte, ending in bloodshed. In 1916, there is the worker-peasant strike Huacho, Barranca, Sayan and Pativilca, leaving many dead and wounded workers strike Talara and Negritos, who was brutally repressed. In 1917, the strike by drivers and riders, textiles and peasantry Huacho Valley, Smelter Mine and Cerro de Pasco; of farms Casa Grande, Kirin and Cartavio, among other memorable and heroic struggles of the proletariat, as part of the struggle for emancipation (the end of exploitation and oppression in which it is).
II
Although in 1919 he won the eight-hour workday, not fully achieved in some places it took years to achieve them, and not a peaceful but through bloody and bloody fighting, in many places there was no respect or much less to established.
Today we can see that the worker's situation becomes increasingly precarious and the conditions under which worsens each day unfolds more and more. Operators (rulers) are served in new ways and mechanisms to perpetuate the exploitation and phase out the rights won (the trade unions, to eight hours, better pay, fixed position, vacation ...) through history. Thus we have, the outsourcing of work, job placement (Services), the non-personal service contracts (SNP), inter alia, endorsed by the state apparatus (and governors of the day) which does not yield to any claim until after a long, hard struggle.
In this sense, the worker's situation is again similar as at the beginning of last century (nineteenth century), but in conditions and situations. Working hours exceed eight hours (and in some cases 12, 14 and 16 hours), wages are below the legal minimum with the just enough to meet basic needs (in some cases not be rendered), temporary contracts to be dismissed easily, demobilization and uncertainty of the proletariat for fear of losing their jobs, trimming and removal of rights won, [ ...].
III
Thus, that 90 years of the conquest of eight hours, we have to take stock, review and reflection on what has been there until now: if this important achievement is continuing to observe if the living conditions (and development) improved worker (both physical and intellectual), if there has been progress and setbacks in the labor movement, both organic, political and ideological [...]. That in itself is a very hard and arduous work, which is not imposed on a person, group or organization, but in all the diversity of individuals, groups, movements ... which are still continuing and will continue to fight. It will have to draw valuable lessons to fight more effectively and deal with operators, to strengthen (and achieve) the class unity against the common enemy.
it is necessary to organize, propagandize and agitate the various spaces of struggle to achieve new conquests (and win back the gains lost it), to direct change and transformation of society (emancipation of the proletariat) through social revolution.
Nekromante
* The Peruvian proletariat working between 14 to 16 hours a day, thus receiving a paltry wages quite poor for their livelihood.
0 comments:
Post a Comment